Basal Cell Carcinoma vs. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Key Differences

At First Capitol Surgical Dermatology in St. Charles, MO, Dr. Henry Clever and Dr. Katherine Glaser specialize in diagnosing and treating all types of skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These are two of the most common forms of skin cancer, and while they share some similarities, they also have distinct differences in appearance, behavior, and treatment. Understanding these differences is essential for early detection and effective care.

What Is Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer, typically caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. BCC develops in the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. BCC often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat lesion with a scaly surface, or a sore that doesn’t heal. It tends to grow slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body, but if left untreated, it can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues.

What Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer and also results from UV exposure. SCC develops in the squamous cells, which make up the middle and outer layers of the skin. SCC often appears as a firm, red nodule, a scaly patch, or a sore that may crust or bleed. Unlike BCC, SCC has a higher likelihood of spreading to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. This makes early diagnosis and intervention critical for preventing more serious complications.

Key Differences Between BCC and SCC

While both BCC and SCC are forms of non-melanoma skin cancer caused by UV exposure, they differ in their behavior and appearance. BCC is more common and tends to grow slowly, while SCC is less common but more aggressive and more likely to spread. Additionally, BCC often appears as a shiny or pearly lesion, whereas SCC is more likely to present as a rough, scaly patch or a firm, red bump.